Built between 447 BC and 432 BC to honour the goddess Athena.
The "rape of the Parthenon" in Athens, Greece, describes the removal of its ancient sculptures by Lord Elgin in 1801, alongside major military destruction like the Venetian bombardment in 1687.
The Ottoman Empire used the Parthenon to store gunpowder during a war, and a Venetian mortar shell hit the building, blowing the roof off and causing massive structural damage.
Lord Elgin, the British ambassador to the Ottoman Empire, began stripping statues, friezes, and architectural pieces from the Acropolis with official local permission
Elgin shipped these artefacts to Britain, and they were later bought and placed on display in the British Museum in London, where a large portion remains today.
Greece views the removal as an act of pillage and demands the permanent return of the sculptures to be reunited in the Acropolis Museum in Athens.
From 1801 to 1812, Elgin's agents looted about half the surviving Parthenon sculptures, as well as sculptures from the Erechtheion, the Temple of Athena Nike, and the Propylaia, were sending them to Britain in an effort to establish a private museum. Elgin said that he removed the sculptures with the permission of the Ottoman officials who exercised authority in Athens at the time.


